Auto-organização

Auto-organização, também chamada de ordem espontânea nas ciências sociais, é um processo em que alguma forma de ordem geral surge de interações locais entre partes de um sistema inicialmente desordenado. O processo pode ser espontâneo quando há energia suficiente disponível, não necessitando de controle por nenhum agente externo. Muitas vezes é desencadeada por flutuações aparentemente aleatórias, amplificadas por feedback positivo. A organização resultante é totalmente descentralizada, distribuída por todos os componentes do sistema. Como tal, a organização é tipicamente robusta e capaz de sobreviver ou autorreparar perturbações substanciais.A teoria do caos discute a auto-organização em termos de ilhas de previsibilidade em um mar de imprevisibilidade caótica.

A auto-organização ocorre em muitos sistemas físicos, químicos, biológicos, robóticos e cognitivos. Exemplos de auto-organização incluem cristalização, convecção térmica de fluidos, oscilação química, enxame de animais, circuitos neurais e mercados negros.

Referências

↑ Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). «Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb₃O₇(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties» (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202E

Bibliografia

W. Ross Ashby (1966), Design for a Brain, Chapman & Hall, 2nd edition.
Per Bak (1996), How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality, Copernicus Books.
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Stafford Beer, Self-organization as autonomy: Brain of the Firm 2nd edition Wiley 1981 and Beyond Dispute Wiley 1994.
Adrian Bejan (2000), Shape and Structure, from Engineering to Nature, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 324 pp.
Mark Buchanan (2002), Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Theory of Networks W. W. Norton & Company.
Scott Camazine, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, Nigel R. Franks, James Sneyd, Guy Theraulaz, & Eric Bonabeau (2001) Self-Organization in Biological Systems, Princeton Univ Press.
Falko Dressler (2007), Self-Organization in Sensor and Actor Networks, Wiley & Sons.
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Paul Krugman (1996), The Self-Organizing Economy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Elizabeth McMillan (2004) "Complexity, Organizations and Change".
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Gordon Pask (1961), The cybernetics of evolutionary processes and of self organizing systems, 3rd. International Congress on Cybernetics, Namur, Association Internationale de Cybernetique.
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Mitchell Resnick (1994), Turtles, Termites and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds, Complex Adaptive Systems series, MIT Press.}}ISBN?}}
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Ligações externas

Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen
PDF file on self-organized common law with references
An entry on self-organization at the Principia Cybernetica site
The Science of Self-organization and Adaptivity, a review paper by Francis Heylighen
The Self-Organizing Systems (SOS) FAQby Chris Lucas, from the USENET newsgroup comp.theory.self-org.sys
David Griffeath, Primordial Soup Kitchen(graphics, papers)
nlin.AO, nonlinear preprint archive, (electronic preprints in adaptation and self-organizing systems)
«Structure and Dynamics of Organic Nanostructures». Arquivado em abril 21, 2016, no Wayback Machine
«Metal organic coordination networks of oligopyridines and Cu on graphite». Arquivado em junho 11, 2016, no Wayback Machine
Selforganization in complex networksThe Complex Systems Lab, Barcelona
Computational Mechanics Groupat the Santa Fe Institute
"Organisation must grow" (1939)W. Ross Ashby journal p. 759, from The W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive
«Cosma Shalizi's notebook on self-organization from 2003-06-20». , used under the GFDL with permission from author.
Connectivism:SelfOrganization
UCLA Human Complex Systems Program
"Interactions of Actors (IA), Theory and Some Applications" 1993Gordon Pask's theory of learning, evolution and self-organization (in draft).
The Cybernetics Society
Scott Camazine's webpage on self-organization in biological systems
Mikhail Prokopenko's page on Information-driven Self-organisation (IDSO)
Lakeside Labs Self-Organizing Networked SystemsA platform for science and technology, Klagenfurt, Austria.
Watch 32 discordant metronomes synch up all by themselvestheatlantic.com

[1] Betzler, S. B.; Wisnet, A.; Breitbach, B.; Mitterbauer, C.; Weickert, J.; Schmidt-Mende, L.; Scheu, C. (2014). «Template-free synthesis of novel, highly-ordered 3D hierarchical Nb₃O₇(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties» (PDF). Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2 (30): 12005. doi:10.1039/C4TA02202E

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